Sunday, 15 March 2015

TIPS for Healthy Hajj





More from Naina Mohamed, PhD

General Health TIPS for Hajj Pilgrims:

§    Maintain personal hygiene
§    Take bath regularly
§    Wash hands with soap and water
§    Cover nose and mouth while sneezing
§    Use always a face-mask
§    Change face face-mask every 6 hourly
§    Eliminate waste in trash only
§    Avoid spitting on floor

TIPS for Hajj Pilgrims with Chronic diseases:

§    Assess the health condition with a doctor before setting out for Hajj
§    Take sufficient medications
§    Keep medications in a proper storage conditions
§    Take medicines on time
§    Follow doctors’ and pharmacists’ instructions
§    Put on a wrist strap containing information such as name, age, disease, treatment, address and contact details
§    Inform fellow pilgrims about your disease and medications
§    Avoid making too much effort
§    Head to the nearest health center, if needed

Shaving and Hair-cutting TIPS for Hajj Pilgrims:

§    Never choose street barbers
§    Insist on using disposable shavers
§    Never share hair brush, sponges, etc. with others
§    Ask the barber to wash his hands before shaving or hair-cutting

TIPS to avoid Heat Exhaustion and Sunstrokes during Hajj:

§    Drink enough liquids (Water, Juices, Soups, etc.)
§    Avoid longer exposure to the sun
§    Use an umbrella
§    Avoid making excessive effort
§    Take sufficient rest after making every hajj ritual
§    Wear light and loose clothes
§    The signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion and sunstrokes include high body temperature, headache,  dizziness, nausea, fatigue, thirst and muscle cramps

TIPS to get protection from Food poisoning during Hajj:

§    Wash fruits and vegetables before eating
§    Check the expiry of canned foods and drinks before buying
§    Never buy uncovered food
§    Wash hands before and after preparing food
§    Wash hands before and after eating
§    Eat foods immediately after cooking
§    Avoid storing foods in buses for long


TIPS to avoid Nausea and Vomiting during Hajj:

§    Do not eat and drink too much
§    Avoid fatty foods
§    Drink enough fluids to avoid dehydration
§     Consult the doctor if vomiting is severe and persisting

TIPS to prevent Diarrhea during Hajj:

§    Avoid fatty foods
§    Check the cleanliness of foods
§    Cook the food properly
§    Do not buy from street vendors
§    Wash hands every now and then
§    Drink much liquid to avoid dehydration
§    Visit the nearest health center if diarrhea persists

TIPS to prevent Constipation during Hajj:

§    Drink enough liquid
§    Avoid cheese and dairy products
§    Eat more fresh fruits and vegetables
§    Eat more prunes which have lots of fiber
§    Avoid caffeinated drinks
§    Consume bulky agents such as fenugreek, flaxseed

TIPS to prevent Dermatological diseases during Hajj:

§    Maintain personal hygiene
§    Take bath regularly
§    Use powder and moisturizing cream when needed
§    Walk using long steps to avoid exfoliation
§    Keep thigh area clean and dry

TIPS to prevent Respiratory diseases during Hajj:

§    Use always a face-mask
§    Change face face-mask every 6 hourly
§    Cover nose and mouth while sneezing or coughing
§    Do not drink ice cold water
§    Keep away from the A/C while sweating

TIPS to prevent Tuberculosis (TB) during Hajj:

§    Use always a face-mask
§    Change face face-mask every 6 hourly
§    Avoid overcrowded places
§    Cover nose and mouth while sneezing or coughing
§    Wash hands every now and then
§    Keep residences well ventilated
§    Inform the Hajj mission doctor, if a fellow hajj coughing all the time

TIPS to prevent Xerophthalmia (Dryness of Eyes) during Hajj:

§    Use sunglasses
§    Consult with oculist before using contact lenses
§    Use moisturizing eye drops after consulting with oculist

General TIPS to perform Hajj:

§    Do not ignite fire inside the tents
§    Do not sleep on the pavements and roadsides
§    Do not get on top of buses or vehicles
§    Do not bump on others
§    Visit nearest health facility if required
§    Follow the directions issued by authorities
§    Do not slaughter the sacrifice on roads
Use the designated toilets only

Monday, 16 February 2015

Pharmacoeconomics:



More Presentations from Dr.Naina Mohamed Pakkir Maideen

Ø Pharmacoeconomics is a branch of health economics which compares the value of one drug to another.
Ø Pharmacoeconomic analysis involves…
¨   Choosing a perspective
¨   Identifying and measuring costs
¨   Identifying and measuring consequences
Ø Common perspectives include:
¨   Patient perspective
¨   Provider perspective
¨   Payer perspective
¨   Society perspective
Ø Healthcare costs are categorised as…
¨   Direct Medical Costs
¨   Direct Nonmedical Costs
¨   Indirect Nonmedical Costs
¨   Intangible Costs
¨   Opportunity Costs
¨   Incremental Costs
Ø Consequences (Outcomes) are categorised as…
¨   Economic outcomes
¨   Clinical outcomes
¨   Humanistic outcomes
¨   Positive outcomes
¨   Negative outcomes
¨   Intermediate outcome
¨   Final outcome
Ø Pharmacoeconomic methodologies include…
¨   Economic evaluations
·       Partial economic evaluations
o  Cost consequence analysis (CCA) or Cost outcome analysis (COA)
o  Cost-of-illness (COI) evaluation
·       Full economic evaluations
o  Cost Minimization Analysis (CMA)
o  Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)
o  Cost Effectiveness Analysis (CEA)
o  Cost Utility Analysis (CUA)
¨   Humanistic evaluation
·       Health Regulated Quality of Life (HRQOL)
·       Patient preferences
·       Patient satisfaction
Ø Pharmacoeconomic analysis helps to achieve maximum benefit in limited cost.
Ø Pharmacoeconomic data can be a powerful tool to support various clinical decisions, including effective formulary management, individual patient treatment, medication policy, and resource allocation.
Ø By understanding the principles, methods, and application of pharmacoeconomics, healthcare professionals will be prepared to make better, more-informed decisions regarding the use of pharmaceutical products and services.

Monday, 19 January 2015

Pharmacovigilance:


§  Pharmacovigilance is a scientific discipline concerned with the collection, detection, assessment, monitoring, and prevention of adverse effects of pharmaceutical products.
§  Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are frequently classified as…
¨  Type A (Augmented) reactions
¨  Type B (Bizarre) reactions
¨  Type C (Chronic) reactions
¨  Type D (Delayed) reactions
¨  Type E (End of use) reactions
§  Pharmacovigilance methodologies include…
¨  Passive drug Surveillance methodologies
o  Spontaneous reports
¨  Active drug surveillance methodologies
o  Enhanced spontaneous reporting
o  Stimulated reporting through solicited reports
o  Designated sentinel sites (sometimes referred to as geographic surveillance)
o  Ad hoc assembly of a cohort of patients
o  Systematic assembly of a cohort of patients
o  Case-controlled surveillance (also called disease registries or disease-specific surveillance)
o  Population-based surveillance
o  Large automated multipurpose databases
§  Most ADRs can be prevented by following the basic principles of rational use of medicines.
§  Pharmacists and Prescribers play important roles in reporting of ADRs.


Monday, 15 December 2014

Pharmacoepidemiology:




More Presentations from Dr.Naina Mohamed Pakkir Maideen

©  Pharmacoepidemiology is the study of effects of drugs in large numbers of people.
©  The word Pharmacoepidemiology is derived from greek words Pharmakon (Drug), Epi (upon), Demos (People) and Logos (Study).
©  Epidemiologic study designs include:
Ø Case reports
Ø Case series
Ø Analyses of secular trends
Ø Case-control study
Ø Cohort study
Ø Randomized clinical trials
©  Pharmacoepidemiologic studies are conducted for:
Ø Regulatory reasons
Ø Marketing reasons
Ø Legal reasons
Ø Clinical reasons
©  Pharmacoepidemiologic studies are used by:
Ø Government agencies & Health care plans
Ø Pharmaceutical industries
Ø Practitioners
Ø Academicians
Ø Attorneys
Ø Consumers and Patients
©  Pharmacists are considered drug experts and naturally they play an important role in Pharmacoepidemiology.
©  Pharmacists and other health care practitioners may serve on Pharmacy Therapeutic Committee, Patient Safety Committees or other groups deciding health care plans.



Monday, 24 November 2014

FDA's warning against “Feng Shi Ling”:




More Presentations from Dr.Naina Mohamed Pakkir Maideen

§  On 20th Nov 2014, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is advising consumers not to purchase or use Feng Shi Ling”.
§  Feng Shi Ling” is promoted and sold as an herbal medication for arthritic pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis.
§  FDA laboratory analysis found that “Feng Shi Ling” contains the undeclared NSAIDs (Diclofenac and Indomethacin).
§  Due to the presence of NSAIDs, “Feng Shi Ling” may increase the risk of …
·      Myocardial infarction
·      Stroke
·      Gastro Intestinal Hemorrhage
·      Gastro Intestinal perforation
·      Bronchoconstriction
·      Rhinosinusitis
·      Acute urticaria
·      Angioedema (skin, lips, and mouth)
·      Allergic reactions (Urticaria, Angioedema or Anaphylaxis)
·      Bleeding
·      Early closure of Ductus arteriosus
·      Renal ischemia (In patients with CHF, CKD, etc)
·      Edema and Hypertensive complications
§  These hidden drug ingredients may interact with other medications such as …
·      Warfarin, Apixaban, Rivaroxaban, Enoxaparin, Dalteparin, Aredeparin, Tinazaparin, Ibritumomab, Tositumomab, Cabozantinib, Ponatinib, Regoratinib, Prasugrel, Anisindione, Fondaparinux or Desirudin
·      Leflunomide, Teriflunomide or Lomitapide
·      Adefovir, Cidofovir, Tenofovir, Tacrolimus, Sirolimus, Sodium Biphosphate or IV Immunoglobulins
·      ACE inhibitors
·      Corticosteroids or SSRIs
§   Consumers should stop using this product immediately and throw it away.
§  Consumers should consult a health care professional as soon as possible if they have experienced any negative side effects, such as unusually dark stools or urine, stomach pain, increased bruising, and other signs of bleeding.