Antibiotic Resistance:

p The ability of pathogens that works against the antibiotics is termed Antibiotic Resistance.

p Antibiotic resistance may be caused by many factors including…

Ø Overuse

Ø Misuse

Ø Availability of OTC antibiotics

Ø Healthcare Workers

Ø Hospitalized Patients

Ø Animal Feed

Ø Antibiotics in food and water

Ø Antibiotic resistance in genetically modified crops

p There are three types of Antibiotic resistance such as…

Ø Natural or inherent resistance

Ø Mutational resistance

Ø Acquired (Extrachromosomal) resistance

p Bacterial resistance may be developed by the mechanisms like…

Ø Enzymatic degradation of the drug

Ø Modification of the drug's target

Ø Reduced permeability of the drug

Ø Efflux pumping of Antibiotics

Ø Modification of Target ribosomes

Ø Alteration of Pathway

p Antibiotic resistance may be reduced by…

Ø Stop unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions

Ø Complete the course of antibiotic prescriptions

Ø Promote Vaccine recommendations

Ø Implement infection control measures, such as hand washing, isolation precautions, and immunization

Ø Improve communication, education and training.